Kiln for firing pottery and other ware



Aug. 21, 1923.

C. F. BAILEY KILN FOR FIRING POTTERY AND OTHER WARE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 22 2 Aug. 21, 1923.

C. F. BAILEY KILN FOR FIRING POTTERY AND OTHER WARE Filed Sent. 22, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 w ya? Patented Aug. 2], 1923;.

enireies r i new: i

CHARLES FREDERICKBAIEEY} or rewromtierins'rnnfENGIJAND;

KILN' FOB"'FIRING POTTERY OTHER Tb 'allfiuhbmit m-ayponcern 1 Be .it. khowm that .1; CHARLES .FMDERIGK-:T

o BZiIma-Y, subject o fitl1e-King; ;of Greet-:Br-i'tain and.Irelenchendresidentof Greenbanlg, Lawton, no in the county .of Chester, England, earthenware manufacturer, have '2 invented 5 certain} new! and useful; Improvements inv Kilns -forlFiring Potteryr andv OthervW ar-e (for :vhichll have filed application iniGreatf Britain by, applieation for-.-P.-atent No. 24,874,; dated the EZQthI day; of. September; .e 1921)., o fn'vhioh. the following lS iL-SPEGIfi-V cation. I

My a invention. relates to improvements. in kilns forhfiring pottery andeotheriware the object beingv-rmeansl to enableyai gi eat queue tityv of are: to be: expeditiously and eeonomically f treated or fireds I My inventio consists Qessentially in: the use "Of three rkilnsibuilfi integral side zby iside all th'e three kilns being lieatedeby the cireulaltiomvoffheatior flame. from? a series; of. fires arranged on. each: outer. kiln; .and means for expeditiously, cooling (1QWILEtl lBr Ware'nafter'the firing' thereoff, V

inventionziwillbe full;v deseribedjwitlu reference to the accompanying drawings, in which i l is a 1 sectional releva tionro-i, my in1- proved Ikilnpf v p 4 Fig. ,2 is a sectional elevation illustrating a portioneof the kilnioobeuhereinafter de: scribed,. l o I Fig.1?) is ..a..seotionel elevationiof a detail to be refe'rredto, and p Fig.v l is a similarview to Fig l illustratinggmy improvedfkiln slightly modified.

Aeoordi ngl to: my said invention 1 em-f ploy three kilns X;-,Y.'anduZ, :IEOllIlBd inte gral and arranged approxir'nately on the; same groundolevehifireplaees.a being situaeed T at suitable intervals;.along the two outer 1 kilns X and-V Y." Thejfialne or,heat, from--' each fireplace a normally passes-through. horizontal flues b I directly underneath the; floor 00 and;y "ofjeaeh.ofrthentivo.outer. kilns X" and YWhil'st other, flame. or.v heati from the fireplacesgmpasseslupwardthrough and aroundlflues v b 'fformedlroundzlthe Wall; of "each of the outerjkilns v.X landiYlloein r then j oine'd i into 1 one; horizontal. flue -b ,un-y derueath the floore ofjthe middle liilnZc Apeiicmonfilee:se 'tember 22, u 1922.;v Serial: was 589,805. V

aftenwhich itie direoted::round the-flue b of the? middle T kiln Z1 and: then up an-iouten flue b upeneXit flue diet :the toprtheiheet r5515 passing into ;a.=;cone or conduit-53' arranged-r. in the mainr-rchiinneyuv saidy cone beingi' provided; with an; adjustable; damper is? Whieh'may {belicl0sed,-1- by uoperating-j' firrchfllll'i m or the like passing over.;;gu-ide "pulley-1012661:

vto retain-file hea-tiin': the con'dnit-17' iWllllSt all the threeki-lns Y; Z: are ieooling :downgi; the -.storedup :heat ginrfthe cone :j and inz the 1 brickwork" beingg-ofgreat val-uertforthe nexti";

firing iofthewkilna When;the;dainperi-7mon '1 the-cone 7' is:openedfas=shmv nron' the drewe r ings,-thel:-heet Whiehhas :beenxwellneirciv lated through the-three-kilns :"X is: free to. pass intothe:vmainz kilnszch'imney- V; Tl1e,=-horizontal; ,flues :bunderneath"jeaohasidei170 klQlIL-'Xi. and Y hereinafter?referredwtoaiare? extended at 1 b E'underneath theecentral klzllln Zoe but in orderrto e direct the heat 7 first: through [the flues -Z in; thewalldzmfithiedive;

and then underneath thee floor: Offtht inner kiln Z Fahd-through fines-r5 and??? "inteza the cone j, adjustable dampers were pro vided in theyhorizontal fiues; ba-toxnormally limit: or control the :fiame Lpessing: directly/w from; the fireplaces; a: causing the other-flame to pass up and aroundthe zfluesgb -roundth'e outer. kilns and: around the sinneri kil :2. as: before-stated: Thedam-persla" are hinged or pivotallytgiuounted vrattheir? len ent-ends. on. suitable; rods 1 (not shown) extending: to!

V the -,outside; of} the kiln? sush rods. beingw pertly rotated tot open, orelose thewdampers':

; w, Thesholeor (passage -12 lIPlSll'Ch gd'am'per '1 isefori the purpose of allowing-gthe =travel1of a "sufficient quantity: o'fjjflarnie :o-r: veryhm airrtomixwithjthehot:eirvwhieh has been partly spentin its passegezareund-ithe outerrl kilns and Y, and is passin'ggdow'n theeflu'e. I. 1

b assitgisrentering intonthe ffidle. btsuc'lriairv then passing aro-undjthe: flllfli b and: them up;therflu e to thBffiX'l't flLLlQiidi. The saidd heat controlling dampers 1" may heno gienedriv when .des ired ;o; allow theiflaine' era-heat from the -firessa:m-oregdireetrpassegetalongzallzthel horizontal-dines Z) and: b? underneath= th'e'r floor o-f thethreekilnsJQ-YZZ:.g

EZlGhf of theethree kilns X Y Z hasanufl f openin 6, provided With:- acontrollable damper g the opening 6 in each side kiln X and Y communicating with separate conduits f to convey the heat after circulation and utilization into'the mainchimney V outside the cone or conduit j. The heat from centre kiln Z passes through opening 6 and is directed into the main chimney V. The said damper g is hinged at its lower side g and operated by partly rotating a rod h (Fig. 1) to move it to close either of the side kilns X or Y, or the middle kiln Z, the particular opening 6 at the back of the kiln Z being also controlled by a damper g. If desired the dampers g for the two outer kilns X and Y may rest in a socket and be operated by a rod 9 extending through a hole 9' in the wall of the conduit 7 as shown at Fig. 2. The dampers 9 could be operated by a chain (not shown) or other convenient means. 7

By circulating the flame, or heat round the three kilns as described a great intensity of heat is obtained therein andexpeditious firing of the ware is accomplished. V 7 During the firing of the ware placed in each of the three kilns'X Y Z the damper 9 over each opening 6 therein (see enlarged view Fig. 2) is kept closed but after 'the firing has been completed and it is desired to cool down the ware all the dampers g are opened to allow the egress of the heat from the interior of each kiln to the kiln chimney V. 'A quantity of heat may be collected in the cone j by closing the damper Z: thereof prior to opening the damper g in the kiln Z, the stored up heat in the said cone 7' then being of great value for the next firing of the kilns.

To expedite the cooling down of the ware in all the three kilns after-firing is accomplished I arrange for the displacement of the" firegrates to dislodge the burning fuel. For this purpose thefire bars 0 are carried on an inclined slidable frame 25 which rests on fixed bearers u. The said slidable frame 5 extends longitudinallyof each fire-place a and has two or more racks t to engage pinions t secured to rotatable shafts t rotatable in bearings (not shown) fixed on the kiln. By the rotation of the shaft t the pinions t slide the frame 6 carrying the fire bars 0,.the fuel thereon falling into the ash-hole 2, water therein extinguishing the fires. When the fires are extinguished, the damper 7;, on the'top of the cone or conduit j, is closed so as to retain the maximum amount of heat for the next firing. Y

The bottom of theouter kilns X and Y or the top of the mouths or firegrates a are constructed without the usual central midfeather commonly employed to supportthe quarries at the top of the horizontal flues b and which soon burn out and allow the quarries to fall. In my improved kiln I mately in alignment and in communication with flue 5*, a flame hole or passage 6 being' provided at the back .of each mouth or firegrate a into each flue 6. Some of the flame from the mouths or firegrates' (1 travels through the fiame'holes or passages Z) to heat the air which has traversed round,

each of the outside kilns X and Y. The hot air heated by the flame issuing through the flame hole or passage 6 in each mouth first passes along flue b underneath the central. l: kiln Z, then ro'undthe flue b being then 'directed up the flue b and out of the flue bl into the cone or conduit j. I

As before stated it is preferred to use the ordinary fire bars 0 as shown at Fig. 4, the

usual ash hole2 being also provided.

What I claim as my invention and d6- sire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In firing apparatus of the class described, three kilns arranged side by side,

a'chimney common to the three kilns, the

center kiln being provided with a horizontal heating flue extending under it and a heating flue extending around it and communicating with the said chimney at its outlet end and with the horizontal flue at its inlet 4 end, and the outer kilns having heating flues extending around them and'communieating at theiroutletends with the said horizontal heating flue, and fire-places arranged at the outer sides of. the outer kilns and provided with flues extending under; the

outer kilns and communicating with the inlet ends of their said heating flues and with the said horizontal heating flue.

'2. The combination, with a firing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, of means for regulating the passage of heat from the horizontal flue under the center kiln.

for the storage of heat arranged inside the chimney and communicating at its lower out-let ends of the fire-place flues into the end with the outlet end ofthe heating flue; i: of the center kiln and having a means for closing its upper end at will. 7

,4. The combination, with a firing appara tus as set forth in claim 1, of three separate and independent passages which connect the. firing chambers of the three kilns with the chimney, and separate means for closing each of the said passages at Wlll.

5. The Combination, with aifiring apparatus as set forth in claim 1, of a conduit for the storage of heat arranged inside the chimney and communicating at its lower end with the outlet end of the heating 'flue of the center kiln and having a means for closing its upper end atwill, three passages which connect the firing chambers of the three kilns directly with the chimney, and

, CHARLES FREDERICK BAILEY.

Witnesses: i

J. BENTON, J 'H. COPSTAKE.

means for closing the said three passages at Q 

